What is Adapted Physical Education?

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Adapted physical education (APE) is specially designed instruction in physical education that has been adapted or modified so that it is as appropriate, meaningful, and challenging for a student with a disability as it is for a student without a disability.

Under federal special education law, physical education must be provided to students with disabilities, ages 3-21+. Physical education is defined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) as the development of physical and motor skills, including fundamental motor skills and movement patterns (for example, throwing, catching, walking, and running), as well as skills in aquatics, dance, and individual and group games and sports (including intramural and lifetime sports) (34 C.F.R. 300.39(b)(2)).

Who Provides APE Services?

Adapted physical educators provide APE instruction and services to students with disabilities, ages 3-21+, who qualify for special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004). They also serve students who receive accommodations or services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and may also assist physical educators and athletic coaches in making reasonable accommodations in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990).

Services Provided by an APE Teacher

(Adapted from Sherrill, 1998)

APE teachers provide a range of services, including:

  • Planning services
  • Assessment of individuals and environments
  • Prescription and placement through the Individualized Education Program (IEP)
  • Teaching, counseling, and coaching
  • Evaluation of services
  • Coordination of resources and consultation
  • Advocacy

APE as a Required Special Education Service

Adapted physical education is a required special education service, not a related service. Physical education for students with disabilities is a federally mandated component of special education in IDEA (34 C.F.R. 300.39(b)(2)). As a result, physical education must be provided as part of the student’s special education program.

This distinguishes APE from related services such as physical therapy and occupational therapy, which are provided only when required for a student to access and benefit from special education instruction.

Additional Resources

The NCPEID Adapted Physical Education Infographic is primarily designed for parents/guardians and summarizes the what, why, and how of APE services for students with disabilities, ages 3-21+. Use this resource to advocate, educate, and inform about APE in PK-12 schools. Spanish-language infographic available.